Biology "Site Archive Buffalo
BIZON (Bison bison). Several decades ago the vast expanses of North America roamed millions of these powerful animals; now there are not more than a few hundred buffalo. Extermination of bison began in the seventies the beard of the XIX century. When railroads were conducted in the Far West. Over 50 000 Indians gained their life by buffalo, with their death they would be deprived of livelihood if the government of the United States did not support them.
"Family, herds and countless mass - says Henvort Dickson - with stamped raced ahead of us black hairy animals, from north to south, from south to north; 40 hours we saw huge herds of these animals, the meat of which, perhaps, would be enough to secure Indian wigwams for all eternity. "
During the colonization of North America by Europeans surface that bison occupied by Allen's research, almost stretching from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the border of Nevada and Oregon south to 25 , to the northwest about 65 north latitude and covered a forest and steppes.
Pacific transcontinental railway, whose construction was completed in 1869, attracted a lot of buffalo hunters. the beard Swarms of buffalo were divided this way to the northern and southern herd; since the destruction of the animals grew. Hunting, or rather murder, engaged in a very competitive industry. All southern herd, whose numbers have experienced people in 1871 was determined by 3 million heads, up to 1875 was exterminated ground. Similarly, the extermination of the northern herds began in 1880 and was completed for three further years.
Bison, or buffalo, among North American animals the same as that of European bison. Length bull 2,7-3 m; from the tassel tail - 65 cm; withers height 1.7-1.9 the beard m, near the sacrum 1,4 1,6 m; weight - from 600 to 1000 kg. Cow much smaller bulls. Head of bison very big, shyrokoloba, awkward and heavier than bison; a convex nose, ears longer. The distinctive features of the animal should be taken as the size of the head, the front of the highly developed the beard body at strange narrowing the back, short thick tail and thin legs. The horns of the buffalo much stronger, thicker at the ends dumber and easier to bend than bison; they bent back outwards and upwards, so that their ends are not converging. Fur like bison fur. The head, neck, shoulders, trunk and front shoulder of the front legs, hips and front end of tail covered with long hair. On the shoulders formed mane, chin and the bottom of the neck - a beard; forehead and neck hair curly and disheveled; the rest of the body is covered with short and thick hair. Winter coat much longer. Almost all hunters and observers (Dodge, Hindi, Makoun, Jung) distinguish with steppe bison very rare wood bison, celebrated weaker physique and short, but stout legs.
At the end of August the beard - beginning of September, when the period begins mating herds are raised. Bulls chasing cows rush at each other and fight until they can not vidtisnyat others. Life of bison threatens not only man and wolf, but also cold and hunger. Winter, hard in the prairies, destroying hundreds of these animals, and advance znesylyvshy oslabyvshy them. In fact, good enough bison can withstand the beard cold: thick fur protects it from the weather, molting exactly matches the time of year, so winter never freezes him by surprise. But the conditions of life can become unbearable if the snowpack the beard is deep and animal seeking food, despite all efforts, it is not sufficient. Fat accumulated over the summer, quickly spent, weary grows and further support life is impossible. Then the weakened animal quietly and hopelessly falls to the ground and without resistance gives snow buried. Winter bison killed when they inadvertently credited ice river. their wont go one after another often fatal in such cases; under a huge weight of ice breaks herd, the animals fall into the water, vainly seeking escape, encountering on the way hundreds of comrades who pushing from behind, the beard and die. Just killed many bison in the summer when they perepravlyayuchys through the beard the rivers, tend to get ashore in a place where it is hard to do.
Dried buffalo meat, minced and mixed with fat, known as "pemmican". Member polar expeditions to him usually is mixed with raisins and find delicious and nutritious meal. Meat cows even fatter than meat bulls, calves and meat extremely tender. With skins Indians made clothing, tents, bedding, saddles, the beard belts, etc., Etc .; previously knocked hides its skeletons shuttles. With bone tools made for saddles and knives, which was purified skin. With veins suchyly string to the bow and sewing thread; feet and hooves cooked solid glue; strong hair twisted in a rope; with tail vane were making that
BIZON (Bison bison). Several decades ago the vast expanses of North America roamed millions of these powerful animals; now there are not more than a few hundred buffalo. Extermination of bison began in the seventies the beard of the XIX century. When railroads were conducted in the Far West. Over 50 000 Indians gained their life by buffalo, with their death they would be deprived of livelihood if the government of the United States did not support them.
"Family, herds and countless mass - says Henvort Dickson - with stamped raced ahead of us black hairy animals, from north to south, from south to north; 40 hours we saw huge herds of these animals, the meat of which, perhaps, would be enough to secure Indian wigwams for all eternity. "
During the colonization of North America by Europeans surface that bison occupied by Allen's research, almost stretching from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the border of Nevada and Oregon south to 25 , to the northwest about 65 north latitude and covered a forest and steppes.
Pacific transcontinental railway, whose construction was completed in 1869, attracted a lot of buffalo hunters. the beard Swarms of buffalo were divided this way to the northern and southern herd; since the destruction of the animals grew. Hunting, or rather murder, engaged in a very competitive industry. All southern herd, whose numbers have experienced people in 1871 was determined by 3 million heads, up to 1875 was exterminated ground. Similarly, the extermination of the northern herds began in 1880 and was completed for three further years.
Bison, or buffalo, among North American animals the same as that of European bison. Length bull 2,7-3 m; from the tassel tail - 65 cm; withers height 1.7-1.9 the beard m, near the sacrum 1,4 1,6 m; weight - from 600 to 1000 kg. Cow much smaller bulls. Head of bison very big, shyrokoloba, awkward and heavier than bison; a convex nose, ears longer. The distinctive features of the animal should be taken as the size of the head, the front of the highly developed the beard body at strange narrowing the back, short thick tail and thin legs. The horns of the buffalo much stronger, thicker at the ends dumber and easier to bend than bison; they bent back outwards and upwards, so that their ends are not converging. Fur like bison fur. The head, neck, shoulders, trunk and front shoulder of the front legs, hips and front end of tail covered with long hair. On the shoulders formed mane, chin and the bottom of the neck - a beard; forehead and neck hair curly and disheveled; the rest of the body is covered with short and thick hair. Winter coat much longer. Almost all hunters and observers (Dodge, Hindi, Makoun, Jung) distinguish with steppe bison very rare wood bison, celebrated weaker physique and short, but stout legs.
At the end of August the beard - beginning of September, when the period begins mating herds are raised. Bulls chasing cows rush at each other and fight until they can not vidtisnyat others. Life of bison threatens not only man and wolf, but also cold and hunger. Winter, hard in the prairies, destroying hundreds of these animals, and advance znesylyvshy oslabyvshy them. In fact, good enough bison can withstand the beard cold: thick fur protects it from the weather, molting exactly matches the time of year, so winter never freezes him by surprise. But the conditions of life can become unbearable if the snowpack the beard is deep and animal seeking food, despite all efforts, it is not sufficient. Fat accumulated over the summer, quickly spent, weary grows and further support life is impossible. Then the weakened animal quietly and hopelessly falls to the ground and without resistance gives snow buried. Winter bison killed when they inadvertently credited ice river. their wont go one after another often fatal in such cases; under a huge weight of ice breaks herd, the animals fall into the water, vainly seeking escape, encountering on the way hundreds of comrades who pushing from behind, the beard and die. Just killed many bison in the summer when they perepravlyayuchys through the beard the rivers, tend to get ashore in a place where it is hard to do.
Dried buffalo meat, minced and mixed with fat, known as "pemmican". Member polar expeditions to him usually is mixed with raisins and find delicious and nutritious meal. Meat cows even fatter than meat bulls, calves and meat extremely tender. With skins Indians made clothing, tents, bedding, saddles, the beard belts, etc., Etc .; previously knocked hides its skeletons shuttles. With bone tools made for saddles and knives, which was purified skin. With veins suchyly string to the bow and sewing thread; feet and hooves cooked solid glue; strong hair twisted in a rope; with tail vane were making that
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